Preface

In recent years, with the widespread adoption of new-energy vehicles, energy-storage stations, electric bicycles, and various portable electronic devices, lithium batteries have emerged as the dominant energy carrier thanks to their high energy density and long cycle life. However, alongside the rapid growth in lithium-battery applications has come a disturbing surge in fire and explosion incidents. From fires caused by charging electric bicycles in residential buildings to fires at energy-storage stations and spontaneous combustion in new-energy vehicles, each incident strikes a nerve in public safety.

Why do lithium batteries, which appear to be “mature” technologies, still catch fire? Where exactly do the safety risks lie? What policies has the Chinese government introduced to mitigate these risks? How does the 3C certification system serve as the first line of defense for battery safety? And as a responsible battery-pack manufacturer, how do we ensure that every battery pack can withstand rigorous safety testing? This article will address each of these questions in turn.

I. The Root Cause of Lithium-Battery Fires: the “Domino Effect” of Thermal Runaway

To understand why lithium batteries catch fire, we must first grasp a core concept— Thermal runaway Thermal runaway refers to an uncontrollable exothermic chain reaction within a battery that leads to a rapid temperature rise, ultimately resulting in fire or even explosion. This process is typically triggered by three common factors: mechanical abuse, electrical abuse, and thermal abuse.

1.1 Mechanical Abuse: “Traumatic” Injuries from Impact and Penetration

Mechanical abuse primarily refers to external forces such as compression, puncture, and drop impacts applied to the battery. When the battery casing deforms or the separator is pierced, the positive and negative electrodes may come into direct contact (internal short circuit), resulting in an instantaneous surge of current and rapid accumulation of Joule heat. For example, in a needle-penetration test, once a steel needle pierces the cell, the local temperature at the short-circuit point can rise above 800°C within seconds, igniting the electrolyte.

In real-world scenarios, fires following collisions involving new-energy vehicles and smoking caused by heavy objects compressing the battery packs of electric bicycles both fall under thermal runaway triggered by mechanical abuse.

1.2 Electrical Abuse: “Internal Damage” Caused by Overcharging, Overdischarging, and External Short Circuits

Electrical abuse is the most common cause, including overcharging, overdischarging, and external short circuits.

Overcharging : When a battery is overcharged beyond its cut-off voltage (typically 4.2 V or 4.45 V), the structure of the cathode material is damaged, releasing active oxygen; simultaneously, lithium dendrites precipitate on the surface of the anode. These dendrites grow in a tree-like fashion and may pierce the separator, leading to an internal short circuit. Even more hazardous, during overcharging the electrolyte undergoes oxidative decomposition under high voltage, generating large amounts of gas and heat, which can cause the battery to swell or even explode.

Over-discharge : Overdischarge can cause dissolution of the negative electrode copper current collector, leading to deposition of copper ions at the positive electrode and the formation of copper dendrites, which can likewise pierce the separator.

External short circuit : Direct short-circuiting of the battery’s positive and negative terminals (e.g., due to water ingress into the battery pack causing a circuit short) results in an instantaneous high-current discharge, a sharp temperature rise, and potential burnout of the terminal tabs or initiation of internal reactions.

1.3 Thermal Abuse: The “Catalyst” of High-Temperature Environments

Even in the absence of mechanical damage or electrical abuse, exposure to high ambient temperatures can trigger thermal runaway. When the battery temperature exceeds a certain threshold—typically around 90°C—the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film decomposes, exposing the negative electrode to the electrolyte and initiating side reactions that generate heat. As the temperature continues to rise to approximately 130°C, the separator begins to shrink or melt, leading to direct contact between the positive and negative electrodes and the onset of a large-scale internal short circuit, at which point thermal runaway becomes completely uncontrolled.

1.4 Manufacturing Defects: The Invisible “Time Bomb”

In addition to the three direct causes mentioned above, defects arising during the battery cell manufacturing process also pose a significant fire hazard. For example:

Electrode burr : If the minute metal burrs generated during the slitting process are not completely removed, they may puncture the separator, leading to a microshort circuit. Although the initial current in such a short circuit is very low, it will continue to generate heat; over time, this thermal accumulation can trigger thermal runaway.

Impurity contamination : Metal particles (such as iron, copper, or nickel) entrapped in the cathode or anode materials or in the electrolyte can migrate directionally under the influence of the electric field and puncture the separator.

Electrode misalignment : Misalignment during the winding or stacking of the positive and negative electrodes results in the negative electrode failing to fully encase the positive electrode, leading to lithium dendrite formation on the positive electrode during charging.

Poor welding : The ear tabs are not securely welded or exhibit cold solder joints, resulting in excessive contact resistance and localized overheating during high-current charging and discharging.

Attention For PACK companies, although they do not directly manufacture battery cells, they must rigorously inspect and control the quality of procured cells to prevent defective units from entering the assembly process. This constitutes the first line of safety control in PACK operations.

Conclusion Whether it is misuse during operation or manufacturing defects, both ultimately lead to the same outcome: thermal runaway. Therefore, enhancing battery safety requires a two-pronged approach: first, eliminating manufacturing defects through design, process optimization, and quality control; and second, mitigating the effects of abusive operating conditions via the battery management system (BMS) and protective structural design.

II. Interpretation of the Latest Policy: 3C Certification Establishes the First Line of Defense for Safety

In the face of an increasingly severe security situation, relevant national authorities have in recent years issued a series of policies and regulations in rapid succession, the most landmark of which is the comprehensive inclusion of lithium-battery products into Compulsory Product Certification (CCC Certification) Management system.

2.1 Full Inclusion of Lithium Batteries in 3C Certification: Transition from Recommendation to Mandatory

On August 1, 2023, the State Administration for Market Regulation officially launched the acceptance of CCC certification applications for lithium-ion batteries and battery packs, as well as portable power banks. This marks a new stage in the safety regulation of lithium-battery products, shifting from voluntary standards to mandatory certification management.

To date, more than ten categories of lithium-battery-related products have been successively included in the CCC certification catalog, including:

Portable power banks, lithium-ion batteries, and battery packs (Entrustments accepted starting August 2023)

Lithium-ion batteries for electric bicycles, chargers for electric bicycles (Entrustments will be accepted starting October 15, 2024.)

Single battery cells and battery packs All are included in the scope of certification.

According to an announcement by the State Administration for Market Regulation, since 2024, CCC certification management has been progressively implemented for 13 categories of products. In March 2026, the Administration further expanded the scope of CCC certification to include both individual battery cells and battery packs, mandating that each lithium battery must bear a clearly marked safe service life and a permanently etched, high-temperature–resistant (withstanding 950°C for 30 minutes) unique identification code. Moreover, the use of end-of-life lithium batteries for “cascade utilization” in electric bicycles is prohibited, thereby curbing at the source illegal activities such as the unauthorized assembly and modification of lithium batteries.

2.2 The New Implementation Rules for CCC Certification Have Officially Come into Effect

On August 15, 2025, the “Implementation Rules for Mandatory Product Certification: Portable Power Banks, Lithium-Ion Batteries, and Battery Packs (Trial)” (CNCA-C09-02:2025) officially came into effect, simultaneously abolishing the previous version of the rules. The new rules substantially raise the certification requirements in several key areas:

Fundamental Adjustment to the Certification Model : The approach has shifted from “issuing the certificate first, then conducting the factory audit” to “conducting the factory audit first, then issuing the certificate.” Manufacturing enterprises must first pass a rigorous on-site factory audit and demonstrate their ability to consistently produce conforming products before they can obtain a certification certificate.

Strengthen production process control : Enterprises are required to clearly identify and control “key control points in the battery pack manufacturing process” within their quality management system, including production environment control, regular equipment calibration, and internal quality management procedures.

Transformation of Sampling Methods : The type-test samples will no longer be submitted by the manufacturer as before; instead, the certification body or laboratory will draw samples directly from the production site, thereby eliminating the practice of “custom-made” samples for testing.

Full-Process Traceability Management : It is required that complete video recordings be made concurrently during the sampling and testing phases, and that, upon completion of type testing, the laboratory properly stores the test samples for future reference to ensure quality traceability.

Post-Approval Supervision Grading : Implement differentiated inspection frequencies based on enterprises’ credit and compliance status—Level A enterprises are subject to one inspection per year, Level B enterprises to two inspections per year, Level C enterprises to three inspections per year, and Level D enterprises to four inspections per year, with a primary focus on unannounced spot checks.

Cancel the utilization of enterprises’ in-house testing resources. : Delete the provision on “utilizing in-house testing resources of manufacturing enterprises”; all testing must be conducted by designated certification bodies or laboratories, thereby eliminating “self-testing and self-certification.”

2.3 Lithium Batteries for Electric Bicycles: Clear Mandatory Timeline for CCC Certification

The state has established a clear mandatory implementation timeline for lithium-ion batteries and chargers used in electric bicycles:

October 15, 2024 : The designated certification body has begun accepting applications for CCC certification of lithium-ion batteries and chargers for electric bicycles.

September 1, 2025 : Manufacturing enterprises must obtain the new-version CCC certification.

November 1, 2025 : Lithium-ion batteries and chargers for electric bicycles shall obtain CCC certification and bear the CCC certification mark before they may be manufactured, sold, imported, or used in other business activities.

December 1, 2025 : Sales enterprises shall not sell electric bicycles that do not have a valid CCC certification.

2.4 New National Standard for Portable Power Banks: The “Toughest” Safety Standards in History Released

On April 3, 2026, the mandatory national standard “Safety Technical Specification for Portable Power Banks” (GB 47372-2026) was officially released and will come into effect on April 1, 2027. Building upon the two general mandatory national standards—GB 31241 and GB 4943.1—the new standard further strengthens safety requirements in the following aspects:

First, strengthen the intrinsic safety of batteries. : A new battery needle-prick test has been added, with planar compression replaced by cylindrical rod compression; the maximum applied pressure has been uniformly tightened from 13 kN to 20 kN, thereby reducing safety risks at the source.

Second, a new lithium deposition detection method after cycle aging has been added. : Introducing lithium deposition detection after 300 charge–discharge cycles effectively enhances a company’s capabilities in battery design, raw-material quality control, and process-control optimization.

Third, enhance overcharge safety standards. : Increase the overcharge test voltage to 1.3 times the charging limit voltage, require the addition of an extra protection circuit layer on top of the existing single-layer protection circuit, and introduce a new overvoltage disable “lockout” function.

Fourth, strengthen end-to-end control over the entire production and manufacturing process. : Clearly define the impurity content requirements for key materials such as cathode and anode materials, separators, and electrolytes, as well as the corresponding production process control requirements.

Fifth, implement unique coding management. : Portable power banks are required to display a unique “identification number,” which consumers can use to look up key information such as the battery brand.

This standard provides a 12-month transition period, during which enterprises may choose to comply with either the new standard or the existing standard; upon expiration of the transition period, all production, manufacturing, and sales activities must be conducted in accordance with the new standard.

2.5 3C Certification Traceability QR Code: One Product, One Code for End-to-End Traceability

Effective March 1, 2026, newly CCC-certified lithium battery products must be affixed with a 3C certification traceability QR code before they may leave the factory, be sold, imported, or used in any other business activities. Effective March 1, 2027, all newly manufactured lithium battery products that have obtained certification must have a traceability QR code affixed to them.

The QR code is referred to as the “digital ID” of lithium batteries. By scanning the code, key information such as the certificate number, manufacturer, battery type, specifications and model, and certification status can be readily accessed, thereby establishing an end-to-end data chain that links “certified products—manufacturers—certification certificates—certifying bodies.” This creates a robust accountability and traceability framework, enabling precise prevention and crackdown on illegal activities such as the unauthorized use of certification marks and fraudulent certification practices.

This mechanism addresses, from a technical standpoint, the longstanding pain points of the traditional 3C mark—namely, the inability to verify its information, difficulties in traceability, and lack of clear accountability—thereby marking the entry of lithium-battery products into a new phase of standardized regulation characterized by “one code per product and end-to-end traceability.”

2.6 Other Important Policies

Safety Technical Specification for Lithium-Ion Batteries Used in Electric Bicycles (GB 43854-2024) : This mandatory national standard, which came into effect in 2024, explicitly specifies the minimum performance requirements for protective functions such as overcharge protection, overdischarge protection, external short-circuit protection, and temperature protection. It also introduces additional test requirements for vibration, impact, compression, and nail penetration, and mandates that, following thermal runaway of a single cell, the battery pack shall “only emit smoke without catching fire.”

“Safety Requirements for Lithium Batteries and Battery Packs Used in Energy Storage Systems” (Draft for Approval, GB 40165-2025) For energy storage power stations, it is required to configure thermal runaway early-warning and fire-suppression interlock systems at both the cell and system levels, adopt liquid-cooling or immersion-cooling solutions, and integrate with a cloud-based monitoring platform to enable early fault detection and alerting.

General Safety Requirements for Power Storage Batteries of New Energy Vehicles (Revised Edition of GB 38031-2025) : Strengthen bottom-impact testing and safety testing after fast-charging cycles, and require enterprises to provide methods for assessing battery safety after aging.

Joint Action Plan by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the State Administration for Market Regulation : Accelerate the development of a recommended catalog of energy-storage battery product safety standards based on mandatory national standards, and promote the establishment of an energy-storage battery safety standards system.

2.7 Summary of Policy Trends

The above policies clearly reveal a trend in security management:

From Recommendation to Mandate : The 3C certification system now subjects all lithium-battery products to mandatory certification; products that have not obtained certification may not be manufactured, sold, or imported.

From a single link to the entire value chain : Covers the entire product lifecycle, from raw materials and manufacturing processes to finished-product inspection, market distribution, and end-of-life recycling.

From Passive Firefighting to Proactive Prevention : By incorporating features such as thermal runaway testing, lithium deposition detection, and overvoltage protection, potential accidents are prevented at the source.

From Static Authentication to Dynamic Traceability : By tracing QR codes, we achieve “one code per item, end-to-end traceability,” ensuring that every battery is fully auditable.

For PACK manufacturers, 3C certification is no longer a “bonus” but a “ticket to entry.” Products that fail to comply with mandatory standards and 3C certification requirements will be prohibited from being placed on the market, and the companies concerned will face severe administrative penalties and legal liabilities.

III. Safety Practices in PACK Enterprises: Comprehensive Control from Cell Incoming Inspection to Battery Pack Shipment

Under a stringent policy environment and amid growing consumer expectations for safety, as a responsible lithium-battery PACK manufacturer, although we do not directly produce battery cells, We design, assemble, and ultimately assume full responsibility for the safety of the battery pack. We have established a comprehensive, end-to-end safety management system spanning cell procurement, incoming material inspection, cell matching and assembly, BMS development, structural design, and final product testing, and have successfully obtained multiple authoritative certifications.

3.1 Battery Cell Procurement and Incoming Material Inspection: Ensuring Safety as the Top Priority

The battery cell is the heart of the battery pack, and its quality directly determines the safety threshold of the finished product. We have established a rigorous supplier qualification and incoming material inspection system:

(1) Supplier Access

Only select those that have passed CCC Certification Moreover, leading battery cell manufacturers in the industry are required to provide complete type-test reports and batch consistency certificates.

Conduct on-site audits of suppliers annually, with a focus on assessing their capabilities in production process control, incoming material inspection, foreign-object management, and safety design.

Enter into a quality agreement with the supplier, clearly defining the key technical specifications of the battery cells (including capacity, internal resistance, voltage, self-discharge rate, cycle life, and safety performance) as well as the acceptance criteria.

(2) Incoming Material Inspection

Upon arrival of each batch of battery cells, we conduct the following inspections in accordance with the AQL sampling standard:

Visual Inspection : 100% visual or automated optical inspection to reject defective units with shell deformation, scratches, leakage, tab oxidation, and other defects.

Voltage and Internal Resistance Testing : Use a high-precision tester to measure the open-circuit voltage (accuracy ±0.5 mV) and AC internal resistance (accuracy ±0.1 mΩ), and reject cells with abnormal voltage or internal resistance exceeding the specified limits.

Capacity Random Inspection : Cells are sampled by batch for capacity testing to ensure that the deviation from the supplier’s nominal value is ≤±2%.

Self-discharge rate (K-value) test : Allow the battery cells to stand at room temperature for 72 hours, measure the voltage drop, and calculate the K value (ΔV/Δt). Battery cells with a K value greater than 2 μV/h are considered to be at risk of microshort circuits and shall be returned in their entirety.

Safety Performance Random Inspection : Every quarter, battery cells are randomly selected for destructive tests such as nail penetration, overcharge, and thermal chamber testing to verify that their safety performance is consistent with the certification report.

Only battery cells that pass incoming material inspection in their entirety may proceed to the cell matching process.

3.2 Cell Matching: Eliminating the “Law of the Barrel”

As discussed in Chapter 1, cell inconsistencies can give rise to the “law of the barrel,” severely shortening the battery pack’s service life and posing safety risks. We employ industry-leading cell matching technology:

Multi-parameter matching : Comprehensive grading is performed based on four core parameters: capacity, internal resistance, voltage, and self-discharge rate (K-value).

Grouping Standards Stricter Than National Standards : Within the same cell group, the capacity deviation shall be ≤1.5%, the internal resistance deviation shall be ≤3%, the voltage deviation shall be ≤5 mV, and the K-value deviation shall be ≤2 μV/h.

Fully Automatic Sorting Machine : High-precision automated sorting equipment is used, with test data for each battery cell automatically entered into the system and sorted by grade, thereby eliminating human error.

Traceability Code Each battery cell is assigned a unique barcode that is linked to its pack configuration information, ensuring that any subsequent quality issues can be traced back to the specific cell batch and pack configuration parameters.

3.3 PACK Structure and Process Design: Mechanical Integrity and Thermal Management

The structural design of the battery pack directly affects its safety under mechanical abuse. We adhere to the following design principles:

Rigid Bracket and Cushioning Design : Flame-retardant PC/ABS brackets are used to secure the battery cells, preventing relative displacement caused by vibration and impact; silicone pads or foam cushions are installed between the cells and the housing to absorb expansion forces.

Short-circuit protection insulation design All exposed metal components (nickel tabs, leads, and solder joints) are either covered with insulating shims or coated with conformal coating; the positive and negative output terminals are equipped with reverse-polarity protection.

Thermal Management : Based on power density requirements, design natural convection, air-cooling, or liquid-cooling thermal management solutions to ensure that the temperature difference among battery cells is ≤3°C. For high-rate battery packs, integrate temperature sensors to monitor hotspots in real time.

Pressure relief channel : A directional pressure-relief valve or relief groove is designed on the battery-pack housing; in the event of thermal runaway and venting from a single cell, high-temperature gases can be discharged along a predetermined path, thereby preventing pressure buildup that could lead to housing rupture.

Waterproof and dustproof : Achieve an IP67 or higher protection rating, depending on the application, to prevent moisture and dust ingress that could cause short circuits.

3.4 BMS Intelligent Protection: The “Brain” of the Battery Pack

The Battery Management System (BMS) is the core safeguard for the safe operation of battery packs. Through in-house design or close collaboration with specialized BMS manufacturers, we ensure that every battery pack is equipped with the following protection functions:

Overcharge protection : When the voltage of any individual battery cell exceeds the threshold (e.g., 4.25 V ± 0.025 V), the charging MOSFET is immediately turned off.

Over-discharge protection : When the voltage of any individual battery cell falls below the threshold (e.g., 2.8 V ± 0.05 V), the discharge MOSFET is turned off.

Overcurrent protection : When the charge/discharge current exceeds the set value (e.g., 1.5C), the circuit is delayedly disconnected.

Short-circuit protection : When a short-circuit current (typically >3C) is detected, the circuit is disconnected within microseconds.

Temperature Protection : The NTC thermistor is used to monitor the cell surface and MOSFET temperatures, triggering a warning at over 55°C and disconnecting charge/discharge at 65°C.

Balancing Function : The passive balancing circuit can bypass and discharge cells with elevated voltages during charging, thereby maintaining voltage consistency across the entire pack and preventing individual cells from being overcharged for extended periods.

Differential Pressure Protection : When the voltage difference between battery cells exceeds the set threshold (e.g., 100 mV), an alarm is triggered and further use is restricted.

Pre-filling function : When connecting high-capacity loads, first charge slowly through a pre-charge resistor to prevent instantaneous high current from causing arcing that could damage the connectors or the BMS.

Our BMS also supports Bluetooth/4G communication and Cloud Platform Monitoring Users can view real-time data such as the voltage, temperature, and remaining capacity of each battery cell via the mobile app, while the enterprise side can remotely issue alerts for abnormal conditions, thereby achieving proactive safety.

3.5 Finished-Product Testing and Aging Validation

Each battery pack must undergo the following tests before leaving the factory:

Functional Testing : Verify that all BMS protection functions (overcharge, overdischarge, short circuit, and overtemperature) are properly triggered.

Capacity Testing : Test the entire battery pack’s capacity using a standard charge–discharge protocol to ensure it is no less than 95% of the rated value.

Dielectric Withstand Voltage Test : Apply a DC voltage of 1000 V between the positive and negative terminals and the enclosure; insulation resistance ≥ 20 MΩ.

Internal Resistance Test : Measure the AC internal resistance of the entire battery pack, ensuring the deviation from the design value does not exceed ±10%.

Aging test : Cycle the cells at 0.5C at room temperature for three cycles, monitor the consistency of the voltage profiles, and reject any abnormal units.

3.6 Authoritative Testing and Certification: Let the Data Speak

Our products have undergone numerous authoritative domestic and international tests and have obtained CCC Mandatory Product Certification Certificate ：

GB 31241-2022 Safety Requirements for Lithium Batteries Used in Portable Electronic Products

GB 43854-2024 (Safety Technical Specification for Lithium-Ion Batteries Used in Electric Bicycles)

GB 47372-2026 (Safety Technical Specifications for Portable Power Banks, Complying with the Latest Standard Requirements)

GB 40165-2021 (Safety Requirements for Energy Storage Batteries)

UN38.3 (United Nations Dangerous Goods Transport Safety Testing)

UL 1642 / UL 2580 (U.S. Security Certification)

IEC 62133-2017 (International Electrotechnical Commission safety standards)

Our battery packs fully comply with the requirements of the latest implementation rules for CCC certification and have successfully passed rigorous type tests, initial factory inspections, and post-certification surveillance. Each battery pack is clearly labeled with 3C Certification Traceability QR Code This enables “one product, one code; end-to-end traceability,” allowing consumers to scan the code to access key information such as the certificate number, manufacturer, battery type, and specifications and model, thereby ensuring that the product’s origin is verifiable, its distribution path is trackable, and accountability can be established.

We regularly commission third-party authoritative institutions, such as the China Automotive Technology Research Center (CATARC) and the Shanghai Institute of Chemical Industry Testing Center, to conduct type tests. All test items—including overcharge, short circuit, compression, thermal runaway propagation, vibration, and drop tests—are passed on the first attempt, and the results of the thermal runaway propagation test meet the highest standard of “smoke only, no fire, no explosion.”

3.7 Customer Cases and Market Validation

Our battery packs are widely used in power tools, light electric vehicles, residential energy storage, and commercial & industrial energy storage applications, with cumulative shipments exceeding 500,000 units—and not a single thermal runaway incident has been reported due to PACK design or assembly defects. Multiple customers have reported that our battery packs deliver outstanding performance in key metrics such as low-temperature discharge at −20°C, cycle life (≥800 cycles at 80% state of charge), and ingress protection ratings (IP67).

IV. Common Misconceptions and Recommendations for Safe User Usage

Even if the battery pack itself is of high quality, improper usage habits can still pose safety risks. We urge all users to adhere to the following safety guidelines:

Look for 3C-certified products. When purchasing lithium battery products, be sure to check for a clear CCC certification mark. Starting March 2026, newly manufactured products must also bear a CCC traceability QR code, which consumers can scan to verify the authenticity of the certificate.

Use the original or a compliant charger. : Different lithium batteries have different charging parameters (constant current value and cut-off voltage), and using a charger intended for one type with another can easily result in overcharging.

Avoid extreme temperature environments. : Do not charge the device inside a vehicle exposed to direct sunlight or near a radiator. In cold winter conditions, it is recommended to allow the device to warm up to above 0°C before charging.

Prevent physical damage : Electric bicycle batteries should be protected from severe impacts; if the battery casing is dented, deformed, or leaking, discontinue use immediately and have it inspected by a qualified professional service provider.

Do not modify privately. : It is strictly prohibited to privately increase battery capacity, connect multiple battery packs in parallel, or disable the BMS protection thresholds.

Timely scrapping : When battery life drops significantly, charging time shortens abnormally, or the battery becomes swollen, it indicates severe aging and the battery should be replaced immediately.

Store correctly : Batteries that are not used for an extended period should be stored in a cool, dry place, with the charge maintained at 40%–60%, and recharged every three months.

Conclusion

Lithium-battery safety is a systems engineering endeavor that depends both on the intrinsic safety of the battery cells and on the design, assembly, testing, and quality-control capabilities of PACK manufacturers. The full implementation of the 3C certification system marks a new stage in China’s lithium-battery safety regulation, characterized by mandatory certification and end-to-end traceability.

As a PACK manufacturing enterprise, we are acutely aware of the responsibility we bear—behind every battery pack lies the safety of life and property for an entire family. We pledge: We rigorously select battery cells that have passed CCC certification, strictly enforce cell matching and incoming-material inspection, independently optimize the BMS and structural design, and comprehensively meet 3C certification requirements—earning market trust through authentic, reliable safety testing.

Safety is of paramount importance—prevention is better than cure. Moving forward, we will continue to ramp up R&D investment in cutting-edge technologies such as intelligent BMS, solid-state battery PACK manufacturing processes, and thermal runaway early-warning systems, thereby contributing to the creation of a safer, more reliable energy landscape.